ICT/FCT Test Probes. 1. Selected products (0/20) Contact supplier. Click {0} to select products that you want to inquire about before clicking the Contact supplier button. Spring Contact Probe test pin PCB Test Pin Test probe gold-plated Brass Probe Pin UB075. $0.11 - $0.55 / piece. PCBA电子制造商根据设计文件执行相应的ICT和FCT测试。ICT（In-circuit Test，电路测试）主要是针对元器件级别的，通过对PCBA板上的每个元器件的引脚接触，测量其数值是否与标称的相符，是一种检测电阻、电容、电感等元件的数值、极性非常重要的手段。 shipshewana craft show 2022; safe fleet community; mercruiser gimbal bearing alignment tool; cabins on the lake in oklahoma; full body adjustment chiropractor near Vientiane Batch-manufactured PCBs must pass both in-circuit tests (ICT) and FCTs before leaving the factory. ICT is usually the first test step in which every electronic component is tested and every short and open fault of every circuit are checked online. Most PCBs use firmware to control the integrated circuit board. ICT, in the circuit board technology, is an abbreviation for In-Circuit Test. It's also known as the bed-of-nails In-circuit test. Structurally, it is an example of white box testing whereby an electrical probe tests a populated printed circuit board and checks for faultiness such as shorts, opens, etc. Fully Automated Board Handler The AFS502 dramatically increases tester capacity, setting new industry benchmarks for test throughput, efficiency, capital utilisation and cost reduction • In-line ICT Test Automation • Same fixture employed for in-line and off-line • 4 second 'Board to Board' cycle time • 5,000 Test Point capability • Compatible with Agilent, Teradyne and GenRad NTnPqcK. Customized FCT/ICT MachinesWe can provide you with flexible and comprehensive process of electronic products like PCB assembly testing machines through our great capabilities, customized particularly to your products' unique requirements. FCT Machine Functional Circuit TestFCT refers to the test method that provides the simulated operating environment to the test target board, so that it can work in designed states to obtain the parameters of each state to verify the function of the UUT. Generally refers to the functional test of well-known brand pneumatic components to ensure durability, balance of action save trouble and effortHighCNC machining drilling accuracy, the minimum error is bearing guide to maintain the verticality of the slab, guard plate and needle plateSimultaneous operation of both hands to prevent accidentsWith fast clip as power, balanced pressure, convenient operation, saving time and effortCNC has high processing precision and high efficiencyAdopt linear bearing guide to ensure the accuracy of the needle pointThe rack is easy to adjust and the base can be serializedYour Benefits Fully customized testing functions Touch probe accuracy up to ± Assemble accessories as requiredICT Machines Integrated Circuit Tester）ICT test fixture is to check the manufacturing defects and bad components with a standard test equipment. It is mainly used to check the open, short circuit components as well as a single-line circuit OfferWe specializes in the production of high-precision ICT fixtrue for ICT equipment type TRI, PTI, OKANO, Tescon, Takaya, Hioki, Hibex, Concord, JET, SRC, etc.,You can choose according to customer’s demand INGUN or QA probe customization of different materials, and do the deformation of the test fixtureYour BenefitsFast test speedPCBA can finish L/C/R/D test without power-on, which can effectively reduce the waiting time for test start-up, and can also reduce the accident of Burn-in Board caused by short circuit. A piece of PCBA board with 300 components can be tested within 3~5 on-site technical dependenceThe time and error of human operation are greatly reduced by computer control. The operator can easily operate the equipment and replace the test fixture by himself with a little product utilization rateBy quick testing, the immediate feedback of problem will pass to the SMT operation on time, reducing non-performing rate, reducing the stock inventory and the accumulation of defective testabilityControlled by computer programs for accurate measurement, the risk of misjudgment and missed measurement can be greatly reduced, as well as the trouble to the production the costs of repairsThe maintenance work can be done by average operators, effectively reducing personnel costs. ICT can tell problems of any part or Network through the computer product qualityWith enough test points, ICT can measure all the circuits and parts on PCBA board, even the components on the bypass line can also be tested, which can improve overall product Asked Questions1 What data is needed to make FCT/ICT jig?Please send the PCBGerber file or CAD data, BOM list file, a PCBA sample, and a sample picture of your previous FCT/ICT jig will be quite helpful+ -2What kind of material do you use to make the FCT/ICT jig?That’s depend on your requirement, FR4, bakelite, acrylic, and anti-static material are all available.+ -3What brand of pins do you use?INGUN, QA, LH, or Made-In-China pins+ -4 How long do you need to make the FCT/ICT jig?FCT jig will take 5-7days to produce; ICT jig will take 1-2 weeks to produce based on its difficulty.+ - What is FCT test? FCT test Functional testing is the process of ensuring that a product can perform its intended functions and meet user needs. This can be done by testing the PCB board after it has been assembled. FCT test can also be used to test all components on a PCB board, including PCB resistors and capacitors. If there are any defects in these components, functional testing will help you find them before assembly begins. It involves testing whether all components and interconnections are working correctly, as well as verifying that the design has been manufactured correctly. This can be done in two ways●Using system level test equipment SLE to check your design for faults before it goes into production; or ●By using function generators FGs, which generate waveforms from input signals, and compare these with what you expect to see on your PCB design. The standards of FCT testEach electronic component has a set of specifications laid out by the manufacturer. These specifications are used to determine how well the component performs in its intended role. FCT test is carried out to ensure that these specifications are met, often in conjunction with input validation testing. FCT test can be performed in several ways bench testing, lab testing, and simulation. Bench testing involves physically running the device under test to check for failure modes. Lab testing involves running the device on a specialized test rig that simulates real-world conditions temperature, humidity. Simulation uses software programs to model the behavior of components under various conditions and then compares those models against actual addition to basic functionality, FCT also tests for proper signal transfer between components as well as proper timing and sequencing of operations. FCT can be done manually or using automated tools such as automated functional tester AFT. Automated FCT tools are most effective when used in conjunction with manual functional testing. The difference between ICT test and FCT testICT and FCT tests are good methods to check the electronics components but they do have some difference between them as test method is a static test method while FCT test is a dynamic test. The ICT gives you an indication of whether your individual components works or not and it works without power, whereas FCT test gives you information about the condition of whole product and it works with material which ICT test monitors is not completely prepared while FCT test checks the finished products. The specification of FCT test fixture FCT test is a method for PCBA testing product that is used to evaluate its reliability, performance, and functionality. It is typically used for software development projects that require high-quality and consistent results. In order to perform FCT test, the developer must first create a mock environment that simulates the system they are working on. This mock environment may be created using different software versions or hardware configurations. The developer then performs the functional test on the mock environment. The results of the test are then compared to the actual system. Fixture testing is an alternative method of testing software that can be used when a developer needs to perform multiple tests simultaneously on different systems. Fixture testing can also be performed in production environments where multiple developers are working on the same system at once. Fixture testing can be performed in many different ways including 1 Simulating real-world scenarios by creating virtual Simulating real-world scenarios by creating virtual machines with custom-built FCT test fixture is designed for electrical testing based on the requirement of customer and the test system. It is designed to present the PCB under test at a fixed position using Pogo pins, so that it can be electrically tested. The model BH-16 has been standardized as per IEC 60050-11Ed2for How does FCT test fixture work?Functional testing is a process of collecting and evaluating the performance of software components. It is a key component in the development process, and it is an essential part of the continuous integration and deployment processes. In order to test a component, it must be able to respond to changes in its environment. A fixture is an automated way of testing a component that can be used to collect data on how well the component is responding to changes in its environment. There are several different types of fixtures available, including unit tests, and integration tests. Unit tests are the most commonly used tests to check the functionality of a single piece of software. Integration tests are used for integrating components into larger systems that use different languages or frameworks. Integration tests are useful for testing components that have been created separately for each system type. They are used for testing components that have been integrated with other components in order to ensure that they work together as expected. What need to be concerned when using FCT test fixture?One of the most important things to consider when using FCT test is that it should be run on a test-driven development TDD approach. This means that you should be testing your code against known entities and structures, rather than new ones. It’s important to remember that FCT doesn’t need to be used for every project; if you’re just testing one or two you are using FCT test on a large project with many components, it may take longer for them all to run smoothly. This may cause performance issues because different components may not all be able to communicate well with each other due to different architectures and so using FCT testing, it is also important to implement regular tests which should be run against a small set of samples, and not against full production is essential to note that the testing fixture is not meant for repetitive use. The fixture should be used only once at one time if required. The PCB has to be carefully placed in an appropriate position as per customer’s specifications including PCB thickness so that it can be electrically tested by providing Pogo pins through which electrical connections are made with test system being used. FCT test Functional testing is the process of ensuring that a product can perform its intended functions and meet user needs. This can be done by testing the PCB board after it has been assembled. IC test method is a static test method while FCT test is a dynamic test. The ICT gives you an indication of whether your individual components works or not and it works without power, whereas FCT test gives you information about the condition of whole product and it works with power. A FCT test fixture is an automated way of testing a component that can be used to collect data on how well the component is responding to changes in its environment. There are several different types of fixtures available, including unit tests, and integration tests. Unit tests are the most commonly used tests to check the functionality of a single piece of software. ConclusionFCT test is a useful technique for testing a PCB board. FCT test helps us to find out the problems in our boards with ease and at a minimal cost. It can save you money by avoiding expensive field trials of your product. FCT test can be done with a variety of methods, including software simulation and physical tests. In addition to testing the basic functionality of a product, functional testing can also check reliability and safety. Standard spring-loaded test probes GKS Standard probes GKS without collars have proven themselves time and again to be ideally suited for ICT and FCT. Depending on the working stroke of the test fixture or the components and test points to be contacted, different installation heights are necessary. These are achieved by the combination of test probe and receptacle. Only in this way can the optimum working stroke with nominal spring force be achieved. Long stroke probes In addition to the version with standard working stroke there are probes GKS with long working stroke which allow a combination of ICT and FCT in a dual-stage test fixture. If necessary, the signals are transferred to a transfer PCB via a spring-loaded plunger using wireless contact receptacles; this eliminates the need for wiring. Short/robust test probes Short/robust test probes are characterised by their durable, compact design. This makes these probes suitable for demanding ICT/ FCT applications with limited space as well as in larger grids. INGUN E-TYPE test probes INGUN E-TYPE test probes have a higher preload in comparison to standard test probes. This initial higher spring force guarantees reliable contact when the same load is reached the spring force is equal to that of the comparable standard test probe at working stroke. More information Rotating test probes Rotating test probes can provide a reliable alternative if contacting problems occur. A rotating movement during the stroke process scratches the surface to be contacted, which securely penetrates insulating layers, such as severe contamination or anodised aluminium. Bead Probe GKS So-called bead probes are used for contacting beads solder beads on printed circuit boards. Various tip styles are available for optimal testing of beads depending on their geometry, composition and surface. Fine pitch test probes Fine pitch test probes are used to contact very small test points in small grids. These are sometimes mounted without receptacles. Metric test probes Metric test probes metric standard supplement the classic ICT/FCT test probes without collars. They stand out due to their stability and robustness and all feature a pronounced collar. INGUN S-LineThe socketless series enables testing without receptacles. As a result, S-Line test probes fit in common grid sizes, despite being larger in diameter, and offer better mechanical durability. More information FCT Test in PCB Assembly and Manufacturing - An Overview If you are in the Printed Circuit Boards PCB industry or a mere user of electronic products, then you know how important it is to test the boards after production, for release in the market. This is because the quality of the board determines how well they function in the field and how long they will last. Functional Circuit Test FCT is a crucial part of the PCB assembly process and quality control of PCBs. It is vital for manufacturers to understand their responsibilities when conducting this testing. If you are one of those folks who want to know what the process involves and how it impacts the circuit boards, this article is for you. In this article, we will provide a brief overview of what an FCT test is. We will cover how manufacturers carry out the test in the PCB manufacturing and assembly process, and how it can affect PCBs. By reading this article, you will gain a better understanding of the importance of the FCT Test in PCB production. Stick along with us and learn more! What is FCT in PCB Manufacturing? FCT, or Functional Circuit Test, is a type of test used to check the functionality and integrity of printed circuit boards. Test operators usually carry out this test during the PCB production process, which is normally after the assembly process. Others sometimes refer to FCT as Function Verification Test FVT or Function Test. The FCT test helps to ensure that all elements are working as intended, properly connected, and produced to meet the requirements and standards in their entirety. FCT covers testing the board by stimulating its input and output signals, like the voltage, current, and power, thereby assessing its components' response. Manufacturers typically use a dedicated FCT testbed with heavy-duty contacts to help ensure the PCBs function correctly. The higher currents of this method can introduce measurement inaccuracies due to excessive contact resistance, consequently providing a comprehensive view of the PCB's functionality. This helps to identify any potential issues that could cause problems down the line before it enters the market for release to end users. Hence, it helps reduce time-to-market and costs that come with reworking or product recall. Additionally, FCT tests can help nail potential problems with components that may have gone unnoticed during the visual inspection process. Benefits of FCT Testing FCT testing provides a number of benefits for PCBs in the production process. It is a straight-up and accurate method of testing that can detect defects and ensure the quality of the product. FCT testing has the ability to identify and rule out the problems before they become costly or cause further and potential damage to the board. These include faults that the production process line may miss. Hence, it allows manufacturers to find and repair defects, thereby saving time and money quickly. Furthermore, FCT testing helps manufacturers meet safety requirements, as they can identify any potential hazards in the product design. It provides an efficient means of verifying the proper placement of elements on the board, correct assembly, and that the product will function as expected. This process helps ensure that the PCBs are fully working and will perform their intended purpose. What is the Process of the Functional Circuit Test? FCT testing is an integral part of the printed circuit board production process. The functional circuit test is the last test in the PCB production process prior to delivery to the customer. The process ensures that all electrical connections work according to the PCB schematic. It checks all elements on the board, ensuring proper assembly of every part, and that all components are working. Circuit Visual Inspection During the FCT test, operators examine key elements and output waveforms through the relevant voltage or signal. They check every part to determine if the values meet certain parameters and standards. FCT testing usually follows after an Automated Optical Inspection AOI. During this process, professional testers use equipment such as an oscilloscope or logic analyzer to detect any inconsistencies in the PCB design and structure. The focus of this test is to check any physical defects on the board. This allows for a more detailed analysis of the board's circuitry and can help identify issues that may not be visible to the naked eye. During this visual inspection, the process helps identify potential defects such as wrong parts, broken connections, dry joints, faulty soldering, bridging, etc. To quickly identify the defects, a computer screen usually displays the test result, enabling testers to isolate any issues. Once this has been covered, and any deficiencies have been corrected, functional testing can then be done to ensure that all circuits are operating as expected. Circuit Functional Testing The FCT test detects and rules out any problems with the circuits and other anomalies. Industrial FCT test usually requires the following items Test Fixture. Test fixtures help keep the PCB in place throughout the testing. It controls the device under test DUT, allowing exposure to external variables, and reliably records its actions. Connective interface. Testers normally employ probe cards to connect the test equipment to the PCB. Systems and sensors. This creates the requisite ambient conditions to simulate the working environment for the test target board, keeping it to function in predetermined states and obtaining parameters for each condition. Test software. An application to manage the test method and collect key information. FCT Test Planning which tests to run is usually the first step before beginning the FCT testing method. This may include listing the measures intended to employ when testing the board. Functional testing involves connecting the electronic device to a test system and running a series of tests to ensure that all elements are working as they should. The electrical connection between different parts and their proper working condition is verified by applying power and signals to them and measuring their output response in terms of voltage and load. Depending on the complexity of the PCB design, operators perform different tests, including power-on tests, logic tests, and signal integrity tests. Upon discovery of any issues during the test, skilled professionals isolate them and establish what causes the problem. All problems must be addressed before the device can be released for sale. If the board passes all tests, manufacturers clear it for further production operations and eventual release to the market. The FCT test can help to ensure that any issues are caught quickly and resolved before they become major problems in actual use. It can also help prevent costly product recalls due to faulty parts or miswiring errors that occur during assembly. Therefore, conducting an accurate FCT test is essential to guarantee quality in PCB production operations. PCB FCT Test Classification Control mode Manual Semi-automatic Fully automated The most effective PCB FCTs are often fully automatic or semi-automatic. Most functional testing methods have now become entirely automated as a result of the rapid development of technology and the need to increase production efficiency. The test software application, sometimes known as firmware by production line operators, facilitates the automation of functional testing. To interface with the test application, operators usually employ an externally programmable instrument, such as an I/O board or digital multimeter. An FCT Test can be done using instruments attached to the device under test through a fixture and test application. On the other hand, manual and semi-automatic FCT are still popular to streamline design and lower production costs. Controller MCU controller and Embedded CPU controller. These are quick and easy functional circuit testing for specialized circuits and programs for data display and output. Both have highly precise test solutions. PC Controller. Due to the accessibility of PC technology, it is the most commonly used FCT. Furthermore, reduced prices contribute to its appeal. In this case, the data output and file processing of the test results may be accomplished relatively easily on a workstation's operating system. Furthermore, the test application's overall functioning is relatively simple. PCL Controller. In development mode, it is a standard FCT that focuses on the requirement to regulate the induction component. PLCs are mostly employed in professional industrial control. Manufacturers must ensure that their FCT testing is done according to industry standards and regulations. This includes ensuring that the test system is properly calibrated and maintained and that all elements are tested according to their specifications. Additionally, manufacturers must document all results from the tests and keep records of any changes or modifications made during the process. FCT Test Bed and Its Design Considerations FCT test beds are designed to ensure that the PCBs are tested thoroughly and accurately. The test bed should be able to handle the product's multi-panel design, as well as accommodate pogo pins for probing. In addition, the bed should be designed so that it is able to provide a reliable connection between the probes and the PCB. The design of the test bed should also address any potential risks of shorts or other problems that could arise due to the testing process. It should also take into consideration any elements that could be affected by Electromagnetic Interference EMI and take steps to mitigate this risk. Quick and easy access for maintenance and repair are also of equal importance, as it allows for efficient troubleshooting in case of problems. All these considerations must be taken into account when designing an FCT test bed to ensure precise and straight-up results. Common Challenges with FCT Tests FCT tests can be challenging to perform due to their complexity and a large number of components and connections involved. Common challenges may include the need for precise control of temperature, accurate testing of components, and the difficulty in replicating complex connections. The process can be time-consuming and expensive. Hence, it is important for manufacturers to understand how to maximize their resources when taking this type of testing. To save time and effort, some vendors perform functional testing on 50% to 100% of the product being supplied. The FCT test bed must be designed to ensure that all elements are tested accurately and reliably. In order to downplay errors, it is vital to select an FCT system that is reliable and easy to use. Ensuring that all components are tested properly during production is also important, as any errors in the test can lead to costly repairs or replacements down the line. Investing in automated FCT systems may be considered to help streamline the process and reduce labor costs that come with manual testing operations. Some companies choose to outsource their FCT testing needs to a third-party provider who specializes in this type of testing. This helps reduce costs while still offering quality assurance for the device under test. There are a few factors to consider, though, when looking for an FCT test system. Firstly, it is important to evaluate the performance of the system and ensure that it meets the design's requirements. Secondly, weigh the cost-effectiveness of the system, as well as its accuracy and reliability. The compatibility of the system with the existing equipment and operations is also equally important. Ultimately, it's vital to consider the safety functions coming with the system and ensure that it meets applicable regulations/standards. What is the difference between ICT and FCT? Other electrical tests that examine for PCB production issues by assessing physical properties rather than functional responses, for example, detecting faulty soldering by assessing electrical resistances, are distinguished from functional testing. FCT focuses on checking the electrical characteristics of a printed circuit board by stimulating it with different voltages and currents. In-Circuit tests ICT, on the other hand, is a thorough, individual testing of each element on the board. It is commonly used to identify production defects such as open connections, solders, incorrect component placements, and incorrect component values. These tests usually involve using a bed-of-nails test system. During this process, a PCB is tested by connecting it to multiple points through a series of spring contacts. The results of FCT testing are then compared to the design specifications to ensure that all elements are operating correctly. FCT helps to identify and isolate defects in an assembled PCB, while ICT tests the overall functionality of the board. This combination of FCT and ICT tests allows PCB manufacturers to create boards with consistent quality and reliability. While FCT testing ensures that a PCB meets design specifications and is free from production defects. It is important to note, however, that it may not guarantee that the product will 100% work when it reaches the end users due to a lot of factors. Therefore, proper design considerations should be taken into account when opting for an FCT test system for your PCBs. NextPCB Quality PCB Manufacturing and Testing NextPCB is a leading contract manufacturer of PCBs and provides quality and reliable testing services. With our extensive experience and advanced quality control system, we are able to provide comprehensive inspection, verification, and quality assurance for every PCB product. Our team of field experts can quickly isolate any potential issues with the final product guaranteeing quality service and support. As a result, you can be sure that any product from NextPCB is of the highest quality and reliability. Ensuring that the final product meets our client's requirements is our top priority. Conclusion Functional Circuit Testing FCT is an important part of PCB production, conducted at the end of the line to test the board's performance in its intended environment. Testing involves hardware, and software control unit, test adapters, test applications, and sensors to detect defects, vulnerabilities, and potential failures. Tests range from simple visual inspections to complex in-circuit tests to check electrical inputs, user interface operations, and environmental conditions. Vendors may combine FCT with In-Circuit Testing for higher accuracy. FCT identifies faults such as incorrect component values, functional issues, and parametric issues. Choosing the right test system is essential to ensure quality results, and save time and money. It's also important to understand your responsibilities when conducting FCT. Our team can help with your printed circuit board assemblies and provide professional services if needed. Production test of a finished electronic product often involves two techniques in-circuit test ICT and functional component test FCT. The ICT technique examines a non-powered circuit board to measure attributes such as inductance, capacitance, impedance, and resistance of individual components and to check for opens, shorts, and incorrect or misoriented components. FCT applies power to a device under test DUT and measures its input and output characteristics under load, typically using a completely different test adapter. It is possible, though, to use a single adapter for both tests with careful adapter design. ICT typically uses a bed-of-nails probing approach and techniques such as direct digital synthesis DDS and Discrete Fourier Transform DFT to generate stimulus signals and to perform analogue measurement analysis. This allows an in-circuit analyser ICA to determine a DUT is within tolerances without having to power up the device. A relay multiplexer controls the interconnection between the nail contacts and the relevant analogue channel or digital driver/sensor D/S on the probe board Figure 1. Figure 1 This typical bed-of-nails probe uses a 2×16 relay multiplexer only one channel is shown in the schematic. While an ICA module can also be used to carry out limited FCT by applying power to the device and measuring its input and output characteristics, FCT typically requires its own test adapter. There are several practical reasons for using a separate adapter. Separate adapters are typical First, ICT bed-of-nails probes are not rated to carry the supply voltage or load current necessary to carry out a full-function test on powered-up devices. A dedicated FCT test-bed will typically have heavy-duty contacts designed to carry higher currents or voltages without overheating, arcing, or suffering from excessive wear. Further, because these heavy-duty contacts take up more space than typical ICT probes, FCT test adapters can typically check only one DUT at a time. Second, the internal programmable power supplies, relays, and electronic loads in an ICT analyser are typically not designed for high current testing. Simply swapping the power supply units for more powerful versions can cause serious interference problems with the sensitive ICT analogue measurements. The higher currents can introduce measurement inaccuracies due to ground-bounce, voltage drop along wiring, and through transients generated from switching inductive loads. A dedicated FCT adapter usually makes its measurements at lower resolution and with heavier filtering, so it is less sensitive to interference. Also, the power supplies and relay contacts of a dedicated FCT adapter are more robust and able to switch more than one amp. The relay interface hardware and the software control used to change the relay configuration in the ICA modules are also typically different. In an ICT application, configuration often uses a parallel input output PIO controller and relay driver Figure 2. In these applications relay switching speed is not usually an issue; the relays are mainly reconfigured at the end of each DUT test to multiplex connections from one pin assembly to the next. In an FCT test adapter, however, the relays must change the functional test setup for each separate test on each DUT, so the control data throughput to the relays is higher. In a dedicated FCT set-up, the need for higher throughput is not an issue as only one DUT gets checked at a time. A combined ICT/FCT adapter, however, will need to test multiple devices at the same time, making the relay control’s speed limitation a major bottleneck in production test. Figure 2 The test system typically uses a PIO to control the relay configuration. Finally, while ICT measurements can be made in milliseconds, FCT procedures are typically much slower. Measurements made while the DUT is powered up cannot be made instantaneously; the outputs have to settle before a reliable measurement can be taken. Typically, then, the FCT process will take five to 10 times as long to complete as the ICT process for the same product. If testing is combined in one ICT/FCT platform, then, the FCT part could be a bottleneck in production. Keeping the two processes separated allows one ICT machine to feed several FCT testbeds used in parallel, increasing the throughput and reducing the bottleneck. Despite these considerations, however, Recom Power found that, for the newly-developed DC/DC product series, the additional cost and testing time of using two separate test adapters was not acceptable. Combining the high-speed advantage of ICT with the practical quality assurance of 100% FCT, all in one test adapter, was a technically complex challenge the product series covered devices with up to 6A output current and input voltages up to 60V. Each PCB panel contained forty partly-finished modules, which required parallel testing using heavy-duty power supplies. The data throughput was therefore very high, and any timing errors could be problematic. Recom contracted Elmatest in the Czech Republic to build a combined ICT/FCT test adapter for the manufacturing service provider, Teledyne Teststation LH. Creating a combined ICT/FCT test adapter Working in close cooperation, Elmatest application engineer Zdenek Martinek and Markus Stöger from Recom’s R&D department, realised that this was no ordinary project. There were several significant problems that needed to be solved how to combine ICT/FCT in one multi-panel, how to handle the high relay control throughput, how to accelerate the FCT process, and how to cope with the high power levels without harming the sensitive probes. Fortunately, solutions were found for all of these issues. The first problem that needed to be solved was how to combine ICT/FCT given the product’s multi-panel design. Each PCB contained 40 independent circuit modules, not part-built but complete products that were already finished, cased, and screen-printed. Not all of their internal nodes were accessible to the ICT pin panel; this was deliberate. The DC/DC converter switches at high internal frequencies and it is integral to the product concept that the metal case and its multi-layer PCB form a complete six-sided Faraday cage to avoid EMI issues. Any external connections to an internal high frequency switching node would form a pathway for EMI to pass through the EMC seal and to radiate, possibly causing measurement errors. The solution to testing these enclosed and inaccessible modules was to include a test module on each multi-panel. The test module allowed access to all of its necessary ICT nodes so that we could verify that each panel is built correctly. Once the conventional ICT procedure is carried out on the panel using the test module, then the remaining modules need be FCT-checked only. Figure 3 The multi-panel PCB top and bottom shown has an ICT test module in one corner to support board testing. The code required to carry out a single test and measurement process is called a test vector. The arrangement of the inputs, outputs, and analogue channel configurations required to carry out the measurement gets transmitted to the test controller as a data burst.’ These configurations are loaded into local on-board memory, then a timing strobe signal activates them simultaneously. The configuration stays latched until the test has been completed and the measurement data transferred back to the CPU. In the meantime, the next data burst can be pre-loaded into the registers to await the next strobe signal. This methodology is what allows ICT to achieve its very fast throughput of around 4µs per vector. The standard relay drivers used in the GenRad Teststation, however, are driven from the PIO controller, which in turn receives its commands from the controlling PC via a MXIbus Fig 2. This arrangement proved to be too slow for the project. The goal was to process different FCT measurements within a single test vector using the high-speed system controller to control the relay configuration. In order to accelerate the relay switching rate, a novel relay driver topology was implemented in the Recom test adapter, based on a technique called active burst.’ In active burst, some of the relays are driven not from the PIO controller card but directly from the D/S outputs, which are kept active until the ICA measurements have been completed. Each D/S can be configured with nine separate functions idle, drive low or high, sense low or high, hold, drive with deep serial memory, sense with deep serial memory, and collect CRC data. In this case, the drive function was used to directly power the relays. The D/S drive output is limited to TTL voltage and current levels, though, which are normally not sufficient to operate a relay without a separate driver. But by building the test adapter using Darlington transistor current amplifier relay coils, the D/S modules were able to operate the relays directly, bypassing the PIO controller. This direct operation made the relay control practically instantaneous and made the coding much simpler. Accelerating the FCT The second problem that needed to be solved was how to accelerate the test’s FCT process. Waiting for the analogue levels to settle would have made the overall testing unacceptably slow. The technique we applied was to utilize the processing power already inherent in the ICA system for tests such as component impedance measurements Figure 4. We invoked waveform generation and analysis techniques such DDS and DFT, which are inherently faster than any analogue bridge balancing measurement technique. The breakthrough was to realise that these same advanced techniques could also be used to determine the powered-up functional testing results. Instead of applying a fixed load, waiting for the output to stabilise, and then measuring the input and output currents and voltages, we could pulse the output load for a few milliseconds and then derive the final output characteristics from the processed results. This approach reduced the measurement time by up to 80%. Figure 4 Measuring terminal impedance in ICT uses a digitally synthesized source to drive the component and DFT to analyse the result. One significant development issue we faced was matching such dynamic load and supply switching with the ancient “spaghetti” software the GenRad test station used. This legacy software was a mix of Pascal, Assembler, and Basic. Further, GenRad ceased to exist as a separate company back in 2003. It is a tribute to the robustness of their design, however, that even today it is possible to piggy-back state-of-the-art operating systems on top of the original hardware. Avoiding probe damage The solution to the FCT acceleration problem, using pulsed load signals, also solved the third problem how to avoid damaging the sensitive probes. Because we pulsed the load current for only a very short time, there was no noticeable local heating at the very fine contact area, even with 6A peak current through a probe rated at only 2A. We were able to program the on-time/off-time ratio so that, even with sequential measurements, the probe tip had time to cool down between pulses and would not burn or scorch. This pulsed load technique also meant that the power supplies were not overloaded. One of the ICT tests is to measure the internal voltage divider resistances used to pre-set the product’s output voltage. We leveraged the results of this ICT test in the FCT test. The test system could automatically derive the output voltage, output current, and input voltage range from ICT and then pass these values on to the FCT test program to carry out the appropriate functional testing. This automation eliminated the possibility of operator error setting the FCT variables out-of-range and damaging either the product or the expensive pin boards or programmable power supplies. Figure 5 The finished test adapter can complete its full combined test of a module in under two seconds. The combination of allowing ICT access through a test module, direct drive of configuration relays by the test adapter’s driver/sensor lines, and pulsed load signals made the combined ICT/FCT test adapter possible. The net result of applying all of these techniques is a combined ICT/FCT test time of between and seconds per DC/DC module, meaning that a complete PCB multi-panel can be 100% tested in less than 80 seconds. This includes the time needed to remove the tested PCB and place the next PCB to be tested into the test adapter. The cumulative time- and cost-saving for a minimum production run of 5000 has been instrumental in the resulting success of the entire product series. As a result of this achievement, the Recom Power Module’s initial design has now been extended from a single series with eight variants to three different series with a total of 22 variants, all sharing the same footprint and test adapter. Steve Roberts is the innovation manager of Recom Power. Related articles In-circuit PROM tester Evaluate fixture strategies for ICT PCB test nails or TAP? Testing with less stress What is the FCT test? This is a question that you may have if you are new to PCBs. In this comprehensive guide, we will introduce you to the FCT test and explain what you can use it. FCT test is a key component of quality control in the PCB manufacturing process. And it is essential that your PCB manufacturer performs this test on every batch of boards they produce. We will discuss the benefits of FCT testing and explain how it can help improve the quality of your PCBs. What is FCT in PCB?/What is the ICT electronics test? Multimeter probes examining a computer circuit board FCT test, or functional circuit test, is a type of testing performed on PCBs during the manufacturing process. And this test checks for shorts and open circuits in the PCB and verifies that the board is functioning correctly. In addition, FCT is an important step in quality control for PCBs, and it typically gets performed after the soldering process. Why is FCT important? Oscilloscope Probe on Electronic circuit FCT is important because it helps ensure that the PCBs function correctly and there are no manufacturing defects. Besides, this test can identify problems with the PCB before shipping to the customer, which can save time and money. What is required for functional testing?? For functional testing, you will need a test fixture, probe cards, and test software. The test fixture is for holding the PCB in place during testing. And we use the probe cards to connect the test equipment to the PCB. Besides, you can use the test software to control the testing process and collect data. Benefits of Performing FCT for Your PCB Assembly Female digital electronic engineer testing computer PC motherboard in laboratory There are some benefits of the FCT test for your PCB assembly. First and foremost, FCT can improve product quality by detecting functional defects early in the manufacturing process. Secondly, It allows you to make changes to the design quickly and easily without incurring high costs. Lastly, FCT can save time by identifying potential problems with the PCB before shipping it to the customer. Classification of Functional Test Pcb layout repairing technician soldering laptop There are some different FCT tests for pcb functions. FCT is a process of testing, identifying, and isolating defects in an assembled printed circuit board. Besides, It helps to improve the reliability of the board and to verify compliance with the electrical specifications. Firstly, different controllers. Then we can classify it into in-circuit testICT, functional boundary scan testBST, and off-board functional tests. Secondly, different controllers. We will classify it into PC controller analog FCT, MCU controller, PLC Controller, and Embedded CPU controller. Thirdly, by control modes’ difference. There is a fully automatic control function test, manually control functional tests, and a semi-automatic control function test. Other Different PCB Testings Technician in the lab testing a circuit board with a multimeter Besides the FCT test, there are other important tests for PCB like X-ray inspectionPCB contamination testMicro-sectioning analysisPeel testPCB solderability testFour-terminal sensingSolder float testTime-domain reflectometer test, or TDR Take a look at the following sections to learn more about particular options Micro-sectioning analysis It’s physically cutting the PCB to observe the internal structure and potential problems. Although it may damage the board, it can provide information about the quality of the manufacturing process that other methods cannot. The technician can see any voids in the solder or if the copper traces are too thin. FCT Test–X-ray inspection This is a non-destructive technique that uses high-energy X-rays to penetrate the PCB and create a shadow image on film or a digital detector. We use it to detect internal features, such as voids in solder joints, and external features, such as missing or misaligned components. FCT Test–PCB Contamination Test A contamination test is to determine if there are any foreign particles on the surface of the PCB. This is important because these particles can cause electrical shorts or signal integrity problems. And the most common way to do this is with a dust wand. PCB solderability test A solderability test is to determine if the PCB can be soldered. While this is important because if you cannot solder the PCB, it will not be able to function. And the most common way to do this is with a hot-air rework station. How to Make Functional Circuit Test FCT Test Electronics workshop Now that we know what the FCT test is, it’s time to learn how to make one. First, you will need – A breadboard DIY electronics on the breadboard – Jumper wires Jumper cables – A power supply – An oscilloscope Digital oscilloscope and measuring devices with cables Connect the power supply to the positive and negative rails of the breadboard. Then, connect the oscilloscope to the power supply. Next, take a jumper wire and connect one end to the positive rail of the breadboard and the other end to the negative rail. Now, take another jumper wire and connect one end to the positive rail of the breadboard and the other end to one of the holes in the row above it. Do this for each row until you have eight rows connected. Finally, connect the last jumper wire from the top left hole to the ground. Your FCT test is now complete! FCT test fixture Soldering iron and repairing electronic circuits In this section, we will be discussing the fct test fixture. Firstly, the fct test fixture is a device used to test Printed Circuit Boards PCBs. In addition, it consists of a power supply, an oscilloscope, and a breadboard. And the power supply provides power to the PCB while it uses the oscilloscope to measure the voltage levels on the PCB. Also, we use the breadboard to connect the different components of the FCT test. FCT Test–test points Now that we have discussed the FCT test fixture let’s talk about the test points. The test points are the places on the PCB where we can measure the voltage levels. In addition, people also use them to connect different parts of the FCT test. And they are usually marked with a red or black dot. FCT Test–ICT test In this section, we will discuss the ICT test. The ICT test is a test that checks for shorts between the different tracks on the PCB. And it gets done by applying a high voltage to one way and then measuring the voltage on another track. If there is a short, then the voltage will be lower than expected. The ICT test is a very important test because it can find shorts that are not visible to the naked eye. And these shorts can cause all sorts of problems. So, it’s important to make sure that your PCB passes this test. What is an FCT machine? Manual electronics soldering and oscilloscope testing The FCT test machine is a specialized tester to test Printed Circuit Boards PCBs. In addition, the test machine also tests the functionality of the PCB. And it consists of a power supply, an oscilloscope, and a breadboard. The power supply provides power to the PCB while we use the oscilloscope to measure the voltage levels on the PCB. Also, we use the breadboard to connect different components of the FCT test. Summary Technician inserting electronic components into a PDB for assembly A PCB FCT test is essential during the PCB manufacturing process. This will help ensure that your boards are functioning as they should and that there are no errors or defects. If you’re looking for a quality PCB manufacturer, be sure to ask about their testing procedures and whether or not they include a functional test of the boards. We take our quality seriously and have a full PCB FCT test in all manufacturing processes. Contact us today to get started on your next project!

ict and fct test